Skins: Episode One - Sound and Editing Practice

Sound

The dialogue between the father and the son shows a reversal in audeince expectations. We see the father shouting and swearing at the teenager, which is normally something we would expect to hear from the teenager. The father's aggressive reaction to the diegetic rock music plays to the stereotype that teenagers play loud music and are inconsiderate to older people. His reaction also plays to the stereotype that teenagers frustrate their parents.

As the younger sister walks down the road we hear the diegetic sound of her high heels clicking on the pavement, this sound gets louder as she draws nearer. This sound of her heels may suggest that she is trying to be an adult or trying to act as if she is old enough to behave the way she does. It also tells us that she may have been out all night at a party as she would want to look nice when she is out with friends, this suggests and conforms with the stereotype that teenagers dress up to go out and take great care in their appearance.

Editing

Parallel editing is used to show that the boy and girl are related and have a strong relationship. We can see through the parallel editing that they lead very different teenage lives, showing binary opposite characters. She is coming home; rebelling against house rules and he has been in his own bed. This conforms to Levi Strauss' idea that all narratives have opposites. The two narrative threads come together as she reaches the window and the cut aways show that she relies on him to cover up for her.

Action editing is used when the protagonist starts to work out in his bedroom, fast cuts are used to speed up his actions and create a sense of action. This sytle of editing conforms with the stereotype of teenagers as it shows he lives a fast and busy life. This is also backed up by the use of compressed time, as we dont see the whole of his work out we can tell that his routine is a fast and energetic one. It also agrees with another stereotype, that at that age, teenagers care about their physical appearance a lot so they will do all they can to make it appealing to their peers. We can see this happening and the end of this fast scene when he checks himself out in the mirror, making sure his body is how he desires it to look.

Skins: Episode One - Mise En Scene and Camera Practice

Mise En Scene

The mise en scene of the protagonists bedroom challenges and conforms to stereotypical views about youth culture. The establishing shot suggests that the series targets a teenage audience and it will follow the life and experiences of a teenager. The duvet cover shown is of a double bed with a naked man and woman, suggesting that this age group is sexually charged. The protagonist is positioned in the middle of the two bodies suggesting that he is sexually inexperienced. It could also be suggesting that he is alone and confused about his sexuality, which conforms to teenage sterotypes.In this shot natural lighting is used to give a sense of realism so the teenage audience identifies with the life of the protagonist.

Then we see the rest of the protaganists bedroom. We see it being very tidy and organised, challenging the stereotpe that teenagers are untidy. We know this due to his cupboard draws being full of clothes that are neatly folded and clean. The boy also has a clean floor where we would expect teenagers to have items lying around, but this protagonist is neat and tidy. Whereas we see the binary opposite of his sister, who comes home in the early morning with messed hair and clothes. Also as we are shown her room, she has clothes lying about and her bedsheets are all messy. Conforming with the stereotype of that age group. As we see the rest of the room it is noticable that it is all neatral colours, nothing stands out that matches him being male or female. This goes against the sterotype of the traditional colours of blue for boys, and pink for girls.

Camera Angles

The idea that teenagers are curious about sex is reinforced through the over the sholder shot used when he is looking at the older woman getting dressed through the window over the road. The shot is hand held so that the audience can have the same experience as the teenage main character. The following close up shot shows a lack of expression suggesting that this is routine and he has become disaffected by the image. This conforms to the stereotype that teenagers' lives are surrounded by sex and it plays a big part of their life.

The camera angle of the protagonist's sister, Effy, is a pan or track shot across the driveway. This is used to show us that she shouldnt be where she is and she is breaking the rules, as the pan is used to give us the feeling that she is anxious about being seen by anyone. This conforms with the stereotype of teenagers as Effy is clearly seen as staying out all night partying, we can tell this due to her messy clothes, hair and her make-up is all smudged and runny. This also agrees with the stereotype that teenagers are rebellious and keep secrets from their parents.The camera angle is also used to highlight the contrast between Tony and Effy as it comes out of the house into the street. Showing us that they are two totally different people. Conforming with the sterotype that brothers and sisters of this specific agegroup dont see eye-to-eye and dont get along with each other.

Nanny McPhee and The Big Bang

Nanny McPhee

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Editing Terminology

Continuity Editing:
When viewer should not be aware of cuts. Presents text in chronological manner to emphasise real-time

Cross-cutting (Parallel editing):
Cuts between two seperate scenes happening in two different locations at the same time.

Action Match:
Continuing piece of action/movement between shots.

Transitions -
Straight cut:
Goes unnoticed, one shot replaced by another.

Dissolve:
One shots fade out and another gradually appears.

Wipe:
Uses border between two shots to eliminate previous shot.

Long take:
A take that remains of screen for a longer duration before it is cut.

Short take:
A short take is one that is allowed to remain on screen for a short time before it is cut.

Jump cut:
A cut that moves a very similar part of the same scene but misses a piece of action out.

Cutaway:
Shot is not totally necessary but shows related action/object/person etc. before cutting back to the original shot.

Shot-reverse-shot:
Cutting between two people having a conversation.

Slow-motion:
Action is slowed down for emotional or comic effect.

Fast-forward:
Action is sped up.

Visual effects:
Change in colour or showing CGI/CSI to present character's reaction.

Super-impose:
When writing/images/symbols appear on top of an image so both are visible at once.

Split screen:
Screen is split into two part to allow te showing of events taking place at the same time.

Action editing:
Short and fast shots are used to reinforce the action/the audience aware of developing action.

Montage:
Montage is a series of shots edited together to show time passing and something happening in that time.

Ellipsis:
The removal shortening of elements of narrative to speech up action.

Eye-line match:
The shot is at eye level when cutting from a character to what they see.

Graphic match:
A cut from one shot to another that visually look the same, that both have a link so the audience can interpret the connection.

Linear narrative:
A narrative with a clear sequence of beginning, middle and end (in that order).

My Boy Jack Notes

Mise En Scene


Settings - Country road, mansion, office room.
Clothes - Upper class old clothing style, military style uniforms
Props - Watch/Clock - time passing by?
Lighting - Outdoor - Light and sunny (father). Office room dark, grey gloomy (son)
Colours - bright. natural, vibrant, contasts to the grey, dark room.

Sound

• Diegetic sound of the clock ticking
• Noise of the car was asyncrenous
• Joly music reflects sunny weather
• Used string intruments when characters look anxious - creates tension

Narrative Time

• Sponsor (Sainsburys) shows older audience
• One off drama
• Clock ticking foreshadowing lateness/arrival/rushing.

Background Info

Set in WW1 - 1914 - England

Father is a writer, rich family, famous

Dressed in old fashioned upper class clothes

Working Title's Webstie Analysis

          Working Titles webiste has a very appealing look to it, its seems simple which invites the audeince in to use it. They can access all aspects of the website through the drop down bar at the top.One thing that really impressed me about Working Title's site, is the dedication gone in to promoting their films. On the features section we can play a vast amount of games based on the films Working Title are trying to promote. This allows the fans to interact with the website and the film of their choice. I also like the way we can see WT's newest 5 films scrolling across the homepage, displaying links for the trailers and other information on the movie. This will allow the audience to get a better insight into the newset films Working Title are putting out their.Another impressive feature is the 'News' page, this allows people to choose the year they want to view aswell as displaying recent news within Working Title. On the website every film Working Title has produced has its own page. These pages display alternative movie posters, which are very interesting for a huge fan of a particular film. Also these pages display video blogs from the actors and producers on the set. This lets the user interact with the film as they can relate to the famous actors on the blog. The site highlight section of the home page is very accessable, as it stands out, is very clear, and is simple to navigate. This lets Working Title choose what arcticles they want to put on the homepage stand out, drawing the audiences eye to what they want them to see. Finally, this website has another good method to navigate the website and allow the audience to choose their film they want to research upon. The 'Film Finder' search bar allows you to type in a film, then getting to a page showing photos, blogs, trailers and other types of media. I cannot fault Working Titles website, it is neat and very accessable to anyone. It also has a tab for the Theatre side of the company.

The role of a Website for a Film Company?

• promote new films
• provide background information
• shows their history
• celebrate awards
• fan interaction
• latest developments - schemes/projects
• provide fan-zine information for films
• extra clips, photos, blog diaries, posters etc.
• archive/catelogue of previous films

How does the opening of My Boy Jack appeal to Audiences?

This one off TV Drama, released on Rememberance Day is aimed at the older generation that can relate to them setting of WW1. But also the produces have brought(Daniel Radcliffe) to in a big star  draw in a wider audience.This also implies that the show has a  higher budet, since it can afford a big star, so people will assume that the programme is at ahigh standard convincing them to watch.
- The message of My Boy Jack is that if you arent born into a war-rich family, and you arent at full physical condition,you would of struggled to find your place in life. As Jack struggles to get into the Army with his poor eyesight.

The Editing of the film opens with a ticking clock, suggesting time passing by or lateness. The title scene is a car driving up to a large fancy building, this may suggest the driver reaching his destination finally.

Audience Mind Map

Exam Content

The 4 areas of my exam-

Mise-en-scene: (everything in the scene)

• Props
• Costumes
• Lighting (back, key, fill)
• Character
• Body languageSetting
• Colour
• Denotation/connotation
• Iconography
• Stereotypes (does it challenge Tessa Perkins theory?)

Camera:

• Angles
• Movements
• Framing (positioning)
• Focus

Editing:

• Transitions
• Effects
• Speed/pace
• Length of frames
• Continuity
• Shot reverse shot
• 180 Rule
• Narrative time (screen, subjective, compressed, long take, simultaneous, replay, flashforward/back, ambigious)
• Narrative theory (Todorov, Barthez, Propp, Levi Strauss, Enigma/action codes)

Sound:

• Diagetic/non diagetic sound
• Contrapunctual
• Parallel
• Bridges

How Does Hollywood Produce, Market and Exhibit their films.

How Does Hollywood Produce,Marketand Exhibit Their Films

How is disability Represented in After Thomas

How is Disability Represented in After Thomas

After Thomas: Essay Notes

Mise En Scene

Talk about the hidden meanings within.
Lighting - Intro fades to a bright light, starting the program.
Characters - Mum, appears to be caring and protective over her son, gets angry over the ignorant civilians. Son, begins to appear misbehaving, but we learn he has a disabilty. Dad, seems caring as he struggles to get to work and is committed to earning his money.
Costumes - autumn scene, coats scarfs hats etc.
Props - lollipop given to child, childs mickey mouse cuddly toy
Colours - Lots of red in the intro (signalling danger)?

Camera Angles/Movement

• Close ups of characters, shows the son confused, mother struggling and scared
• Cars flashing by - shows life passing by?
• Low angle shot on the floor- gives the characters' point of view/perspective
• Mid angle in the office, average view (like on office chair?)
• Long shot at the beggining show the scene at a glance
• Over the shoulder of the shop worker - this is so we see the same thing, and judge what we see the same way (judge the child to be misbehaved and the mother struggling to control him)

Editing and Transitions

• slow motion (subjective time) - intense intro scene
• Edited text saying [1993] contextualises the time zone.
• Fast Editing creates action, we see the same tense shot in real time compared to the slo mo intro version.
• cars flash by. Connatates everyones life going by, yet the mother is stuck in the middle.

Sound

• Contrast of diegetic and non-diegetic sound (contapuctual) - this produces an enigma code
• End of intro the sound gets sucked out, then we see 'true Story text' - this has impact on the viewer.
• We hear disoriantated noise and a child screaming over the top. Then a violin sequence (does this represent the relationship of the child and mother)
• The sound of racing cars and the road magnifies the danger in the scene.

Other

ideology - shows how difficult it is to cope with a disabilty and struggle with the ingnorant public
We see this from the mothers perspective, we feel sorry for her and feel for her.
Narratives - Enigma Codes and Action Codes (Barthes) - binary opposites, main mother and child > 'normal' mother and child?

Success Criteria

Overall Mark Scheme = 0/50

·         /20 = Explanation - why ideas are chosen (show clear understanding)

            Analysis - Picking out the relevant points and saying what ideas are behind chosen techniques. (camera angles/movements, angles, narratives, time, editing, transitions, sound)

            Argument – Callenging of theories in reference to other theories (if a certasin theory backs it up or not, which theory challenges it)

·         /20 = Use of examples – a range of examples (relevant and appropriate comments) /focus on the set question (representation). Using Mise En Scene to pick out the points (clothing, characters, lighting, colour, props) and say why they are used. What representations/connatations do they create?

·         /10 = Terminology – accurately used and well structured, with good spelling/punctuation/grammar. Express complex issues clearly and fluently. Sentences and paragraphs must be consistently relevant and well structured.

Narrative Time

Narrative time

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Marketing: Inception

Marketing in inception

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Blockbuster: Inception

Inception on Prezi

For The Birds - Narratives

For the birds narratives

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Narrative Theory's

Todarov's Narrative Theory.
























Vladamir Propp's Narrative Theory.


He believed that every narrative story was built around the functions of 7 characters, these were:

• The Hero
• The Villain
• The Princess
• The Princesses Father
• The Donor
• The Dispatcher
• The Helper
• The False Hero

Roland Barthes' Narrative Theory

Barthes believed that a text was simply like a ball of string that needed to be un-raveled. He described this as a text being either open or closed. The open text would mean the viewer or reader knows what is going to happen in the story so they do not need to think or put any effort into un-raveling the story for themselves. This makes a narrative less tense and sometimes boring. The other is where a text is closed. This means the viewer/reader must unravel the text for themselves, guessing on the twist at the end or whether a character is alive or dead etc. So it leaves them on edge. Creating a better atmosphere.

Different Types Of Editing

Editing

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Paramount Pictures

Paramount pictures

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Sound Analysis: Apocalypse Now

Diegetic Sound Used: 
At first we can hear the fierce noises off the surrounding helicopters, these are on screen Diegetic sound and build up an effect that tells the reader there are lots of surrounding helicopters, so the situation is escalating. We also hear the stomps and rustles of the soildiers' boots as they run buy, this is also on screen.




Non-Diegetic Sound Used:
This can be taken as the background  music as the helicopters take off, as these sounds have came after the initial shot and have been edited in afterwards. This sound hasbeen used to effect the overall atmosphere of the shot and build up the intensity of the scene. If it wasnt there we would just hear the same helicopter noises for minutes on end, so it makes the film more interesting entirely.




Sound Bridges In the shot: 
30 seconds in we here a man shouting, the shot we see is of a helicopter landing. Then the shot cuts to the original shot of the officer calling orders, this is a sound bridge and this helps link the two shots together. It gives the whole scene a sense of layering and linking.


Parallel Sound Used: 
At 1:14 we can see the inspirational shot of the helicopters flying along the horizon, here we can hear the sound of classical music playing over the top, this is parallel to the intense scene of the helicopters going to war. The music corresponds to the escalation of the shot, this builds up the intensity of the scene and interests the viewer further. We also see the happy and exited faces of some soldiers, this also links with the happy music.




Contrapuntal Sound in the shot:
8:23 we again hear some happy music being played over the original shot(so this is also non-diegetic sound). But this time we see the soldiers being heavily attacked by their enemy, therefore this goes against the shot as the music is happy but the shot doesnt potray happiness. I think this is used well as it can been seen to be quite outrageous, as the scene itself isnt normal, as this doesnt happen in everday life. So the music actually reflects the shot in that way. But otherwise, it goes against what the scene is trying to potray.

Sounds and Their Effects

Different Sounds and their Effects on Prezi

Tessa Perkins

Tessa Perkins (1979) made 5 assumptions about stereotyping and how it isnt a simple process. These are her assumptions

•  Stereotypes are not always negative (e.g. 'The French are good cooks').
• They are not always about minority groups or the less powerful ( e.g. 'upper class twits').
• They can be held about one's own group.
• They are not rigid or unchanging ( e.g. the "cloth cap worker of the 1950's became the
  1980's 'consumerist home-owner who holidays in Spain').
•  They are not always false.

To what extent do you agree with these assumptions? Explain answers and refer to stereotypes in TV Drama characters.

I agree with what Tessa Perkins says in her first assumtion, stereotypes are commonly negative but can in some cases be positive towards a certain group or race. For example people who are overweight are stereotped to be lazy, but also they are seen as being jolly and bubbly people.

Secondly, i also agree about her second assumption. We know that stereotyping isnt always about minority groups because of the statement 'upper class twits'. Another common example of this is that Americans are seen to eat a lot and be overweight, yet they are the most powerful country in the world.

Her third assumption isnt as clear as the others. I agree with what she says but only in extreme cases, it is very rare that someone would want to be stereotypying themselves, unless ofcourse its a good stereotype. There arent many examples of this but for example, if a rich child brags about the wealth of his family, he is putting himself into the 'rich kid' category.

Now her next assumption I do fully agree with, as strereotypes are forever changing. We know this due to her example of the cloth cap worker of the 1950's became the 1980's 'consumerist home-owner who holidays in Spain'. This proves how much stereotypes can change in a space of time. We can aslo see this with teenagers. Back around the times of World War II teenagers were respected and were seen to behave well and respect and give to the community. We all know that this view on teenagers has changed, they are now seen to be trouble making and have no respect for others.

Finally her last assumption that they are not always false. I fully agree with this statement from Tessa Perkins. This allows me to give many examples, firstly old people are stereotyped to be moody and grumpy. In many cases such as Grantly Budgen from 'Waterloo Road' this is true. Also teenagers are seen to be disrespectful and trouble making, this is also mostly true. Such as Bolton Smilie again from 'Waterloo Road'. These characters are put as strongly as possibble into these stereotypes so the viewer can relate to them and it seems realistic.


This shows Grantly Budgen in a Waterloo Road episode being a sterotypical old man. He is clearly unhappy and is seen as being a grumpy individual. He is shown to be shotuing at people and not caring for other peoples feelings.


This is an exapmple of how teenagers are portrayed in TV Drama. This is Bolton from Waterloo Road and he is clearly recieving a telling off from a teacher. This proves the point about teenagers causing trouble and being disrespectful to people around them.

Camera Angles

Camera Angles

Camera Movements.


Pan
This shot is there to create an overall mood and scene within the class, panning across all the students' faces. It shows the dull faces which gives the viewer the feeling that they are bored and waiting for something interesting to happen.


Hand Held Shot
This shot is used to create a sense of urgency and build up the exitement, as the action escalates the camera goes hand-held and shakes. This gives it energy.


Tilt
This technique is used here to give the scene a bigger imkpact, since it is on a grave, then the camera tilts up to show the sadness and expressions of the actors at this obviously terrible time.


Track
This movement is used to show that the characters are on a mission and are storming to have an argument, the camera follows them which gives the viwer the feeling that they are also following the characters.


Zoom
This movement has been used to create a serious atmosphere as the character delivers a speech. It allows the audience to begin to focus on the centre of attention (the character) and makes them take what happens at the centre of the shot.


Arc
This movement rotates around the subject. this is done to cause exitement and intensify the shot, as the characters cause trouble the camera spins around escalating the situation.


Aerial Shot
Usuall from a plane or helicopter, these give the viewer a better view of the scene they are viewing, here it is used to show the viewer how dangerous and high this person has climbed. Making them experience the fear the character is experiencing.


Whip Pan
This movement is to simply create an atmosphere when the scene escalates, it intensifies the situation. As here the fight starts to build up the camera spins round to show urgency as the scene speeds up. The camera gets slightly out of control of the situation on the screen begins to spiral out of control.


Crane Shot
This shot is used to give the audience an overall view of the scene. Here the crane gives us a view above the crowd of students so we can see the damage to the building, but it also keeps the crowd within the shot, showing the audience how serious this is and how many people are involved.


Over the head/shoulder shot.
This shot puts the viewer in the positon of the charecter and allows us to see things from their point of view. here we get an inside look on the two characters' conversation.

Mise En Scene

Scott Pilgrim vs the World

Film Making Flowchart

Film Making Flowchart

.Class Notes 7.9.11

What conclusions can you draw about the groups choice of films? eg why so many American films/a particular choice of viewing?


I think the reason for the majority of the films being American because the movie business in the USA is bigger and more films are produced through the big budget and wide market. But also the small portoin of British films that came up were favoured by the class, this is because we can relate to the humour in British film. And take pride in the fact they originate from our country.

What are the pros/cons of watching films at the cinema/DVD/download/TV?

Cinema:Pros

-big screen and the overall atmosphere created is better.
-It also creates exitement to the viewer if for example they are viewing a film on its opening night.

Cons:
-a lot of money for one viewing
-may be distrubed by noisy or misbehaving viewers.
-potentially long cues.
-not guaranteed a good seat (may be sat at the front)

DVD/TV:Pros

-Can be watched in the comfort of your own home
-Can be watched a multiple amount of times
-Pause and Rewind functions

Download:Pros

-Can be free to download
-Watch it when you want
-View it again and again

Cons:

-May be bad quality
-Could contain a virus
-Sometimes it can be illegal.

What are the different methods of marketing? Which do you think is the most effective and why?

I think that the publicity that is made commercially works the best. For example posters on busses and on street signs, Internet ads, and trailers on both normal television and at cinema screenings. Also the films star actors can do inteerviews for magazines or television programs. This can attract fans of the certain stars. Plus, newspaper adverts can be used, usually if the film is aimed at an older age. Plus adverts through mobile phones and corporations such as Orange. Overall i believe that trailers are most effective. Because trailers show the viewer clips of the film which can attract them and make them want to view it.

Media Transition